Cis 205 Information Systems Paper free essay sample

Data Systems Paper Scott Clark CIS 205 June 20, 2011 Robert Meyers in the public eye today it has gotten progressively important to successfully utilize innovatively propelled Information frameworks and programming applications to run an association. In our innovatively progressed and dynamic culture, associations are being pushed to utilize and work refreshed and propelled data frameworks and programming applications to store data, process information and successfully oversee everyday activities. In this paper the subject talked about will be the way a CIS (PC data frameworks) can support an association, what they are, and a case of a CIS and its uses in a retail domain. Alluded to as a CIS (PC data framework), which incorporate PCs, programming, equipment, working frameworks and individuals, is significant in overseeing and running an association every day. For instance, in a retail location, a CIS can oversee profitability, stock, plans, requesting, deals, drifts in deals, and items. These of which are critical in keeping a retail business running and productive. A CIS is imperative to a retail location in that it can store, compute and track all data in regards to deals, client ways of managing money, stock, requesting of items, deals per division, deals versus a year ago, work expenses and representative efficiency. The entirety of the previously mentioned undertakings can be put away and recovered as fundamental by directors and bosses to help them in appropriately staffing, dealing with departmental deals, loading of divisions, and running the store every day. With the measure of information and size of documents that can be contained inside the retail business, it would be almost difficult to precisely sort and procedure these records physically. Utilizing a decent, dependable CIS, an association can follow and assemble information rapidly to help decide if the association is on target with its deals or headed the correct way monetarily. After an associations deals information is gathered and determined, the association can follow and evaluate worker profitability, stock close by versus sold, departmental deals objectives and requirements for what's to come. Associations process electronic information consistently around the world. Preparing of this information permits associations to settle on successful and far reaching business choices dependent on this information. This information can be put away basically anyplace and effectively recovered at whatever point the need emerges. In my present position, retail the board, my primary obligations are deals, stock, and requesting items, while guaranteeing assignments are finished and worker creation is high. Deals information in my organization decides admissible work utilization, and work cost rate which permits us to compute representative profitability. At once, marketing projections and information were monitored physically and they were put away at the fundamental office. Right now my organization has refreshed its CIS by introducing two enormous IBM server banks that permits these figures and information to be followed by programming on a business PC. Presently this information is put away at the store level and we can get to the figures and information whenever just by getting to one of our numerous business PCs. To help in requesting and stock, we have additionally moved up to hand held PCs. These PCs, called Telzons, are remote hand held PCs that permit us to check costs, stock close by and request items just by examining the UPC mark of a thing. This additionally used to be done physically, since updating, these PCs have set aside time and cash, yet in addition have unquestionably progressively exact evaluating and stock tallies. Since the redesigning of our CIS, not just has it improved representative efficiency, stock checks and valuing, however the updated touch screen registers at the front of the store work considerably more quickly, are increasingly exact and can perform a lot a bigger number of capacities than they could previously. The new CIS makes it simpler for the clerks to work the registers, look at clients and permits the client to pay and leave in an insignificant measure of time. In view of the new framework, the registers would now be able to follow, figure and store client and item data, which encourages us with stock requesting and deciding consumer loyalty. Current innovation and the update of my organizations CIS has permitted the organization to turn out to be completely computerized. Information that used to be followed and determined physically is currently in the possession of a completely mechanized framework and can be followed, put away, and determined at the pinch of a catch. The principle issue with the new CIS is that remote connectability, Internet connectability and framework freezes have become progressing issues. Intermittently we can't interface the telzons to the framework or associate with the web, and occasionally the registers and framework will freeze up, denying access to information and records important to carry out our responsibilities. This is something the organization is taking a shot at and is step by step getting better. The fundamental enhancements required are to address the connectability issues, it is difficult to carry out our responsibilities when we can not get to the framework. I think to fix this issue they ought to have found the server banks in better zones of the store, as connectability, in every case to some degree an issue, could be greatly improved if the server banks were midway found. As this is another framework, it is expected there will be a few issues that should be dealt with and it is simply an issue of time before they are fixed. A CIS inside any association, won't just set aside time and cash, however makes progressively viable and productive representatives. Records and information are prepared and determined quicker and information can without much of a stretch be put away and recovered relying upon an associations needs. My company’s current refreshed CIS has demonstrated to merit the exertion, setting aside time and cash while permitting more capacities and highlights to be accessible to representatives permitting them to work all the more profitably. Despite the fact that there are a few issues that join another CIS, those for the most part will be turned out to be after some time. A decent, dependable CIS in any association will end up being time and cash sparing alongside being amazingly practical after some time. Data Systems Paper

Theories of women's relationship to public space in all their Research Paper

Hypotheses of ladies' relationship to open space in the entirety of their multifaceted nature - Research Paper Example At the point when we see huge scope occasions in worldwide history like significant investigation, war and colonization, it is the male aspiration to overcome, control and adventure which describes them. Customarily, guys are dynamic and work in the open field, while females are aloof and are kept to a great extent to private and residential spaces. These generalizations are clear in the framework that we know as male controlled society, and they work at the degree of people inside families, in various social and social gatherings, and in the way that countries and states identify with one another. Traveling out to catch and control a physical area is a traditionally man centric action. We can distinguish this sort of impact when we take a gander at the stories of history that have been attracted up to understand human conduct. The period of domain building, to some degree incidentally under the administration of a British Queen, just as different lords and PMs over the globe was one of development for the winners and social destruction for the individuals who were colonized. Similarly as ladies in Victorian England were ostensibly adored and regarded, and yet overwhelmed and quelled by their spouses, so accounts of the â€Å"exotic† and the â€Å"primitive† were utilized to give a positive turn to the orderly misuse of immense regions of Africa, India and Asia. Various leveled Western frameworks were acquainted with supplant covering ancestral and national structures and ladies wound up on the base crosspiece of all these new chains of command. The situation of previous provinces was for a long time to be caught into a resistance to this predominance, instead of to grow uninhibitedly in whichever bearing they would themselves have picked. It was distinctly in the mid to late twentieth century that creators in previous states started to guess this severe experience and rise up out of the forced paired restriction of expansionism into a more nuance d energy about force relations in the cutting edge world. One such creator, Tayeb Salih, thinks about these issues in his novel Season of Migration toward the North (Salih, 2009) and draws complex equals between the oppression of Sudan under imperialism and the enslavement of ladies under male centric frameworks. The epic spins around topics of colonialization, a term which in women's activist hypothesis â€Å"almost constantly infers a connection of auxiliary mastery, and a verbose or political concealment of the heterogeneity of the subject(s) in question† (Mohanty, 1988, p. 61) and investigation of the perplexing and different sorts of male and female relations that exist in the post-provincial world. This makes the book now and again perplexing, even equivocal, however this quality guarantees that it is consistent with circumstance, Unresolved issues that were foremost in the period following autonomy was picked up in the Sudan are introduced as they were experienced, not least the advancing job of ladies and their progressive development into open life. The plot spins around, as the title proposes, what happens when a portion of the occupants of Sudan relocate back to where the pioneer aces originated from, before coming back to their country having increased new and stunning information which at that point adds to the way that the

Need more information COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Need more information COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog After a week on the road in California (as beautiful as the weather was out west), I am happy to be home in the city that never sleeps.   Were out for just a few more weeks on the road and then we settle in for the winter and fall application reading period.   But for now, were n the middle of reading spring applications and theres a good bunch here Exciting!   Hope this means fall will be even more exciting since there are more applications for the fall than the spring. So its now the end of October and you still havent made it to one of our campus information sessions or found us on the road Well, its not too late.   We still have a couple more campus sessions scheduled this year and you can actually join us tomorrow (Monday, October 28th) for an online information session at 10am EDT if you still have questions or just want to learn more about our MIA/MPA program.

Analysis of Martin Luther King Jr.s Letter from...

Every writer needs an inspiration to craft a brilliant literary piece. Whether this inspiration is tangible or intangible, it is still necessary. Some forms of inspiration come as passionate love while others appeal as injustice. Martin Luther King Jr.s Letter from Birmingham Jail was a response to A Call for Unity by eight white clergymen. His inspiration for writing the letter was the clergymens unjust proposals and the letter allowed him to present his rebuttal. Martin Luther King Jr. effectively crafted his counter argument by first directly addressing his audience, the clergymen, and then using logos, pathos, and ethos to refute his opponents statements and present his own perspective. After stating the general purpose of†¦show more content†¦By using logical argument that is structured and sequential, King appeals to an educated persons thoughts and logic. Another instance when Martin Luther King Jr. utilizes the tactic of directly addressing his audience to present his rebuttal is evident in the part of his letter beginning, You may well ask: Why direct action? ... isnt negotiation a better path? You are quite right in calling, for negotiation. In this example, he also uses appeal to logic as the main backbone of his argument but occasionally intertwines pathos and clever word choice along with the logos. As with the previous example, Martin Luther King Jr. first identifies a portion of his opponents argument and slowly picks it apart. He accomplishes this by focusing on the word tension. Through a comparison of violent tension, which is undesired, and nonviolent tension, which is constructive, he gradually establishes the concept that the constructive, nonviolent tension will help men rise from the dark depths of prejudice and racism to the majestic heights of understanding and brotherhood. King uses exceptional word choice, such as dark depths and majestic heights, to accurately present his point of view. He then follows it up with Too long has our beloved Southland been bogged down in a tragic effort to live in monologue rather than dialogue. His statement not only uses logical reasoning to identify the necessity for negotiation, butShow MoreRelatedSociological Analysis of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Letter from a Birmingham Jail1214 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Sociological Analysis of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Letter from a Birmingham Jail Abstract The paper analyses Martin Luther King, Jr.’s â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† from a sociological point of view and shows how three major theories (structural functionalism, social conflict, and symbolic interactionism) are treated in the letter. The paper shows different appreciation of King’s ideas and works by his contemporaries and modern people. It also explores the concepts of â€Å"nonviolentRead MoreAnalysis of Martin Luther King Jr. ´s Letter From Birmingham Jail771 Words   |  3 Pagesagainst the prejudice that they have to face, accomplish justice that every single one of them are fighting for. Dr. Martin Luther King, a leader of the protest against prejudice was able to pursue the rights for African American people. However eight of his fellow clergymen criticized his procedure to protest, but they still supported him. In the Letter from Birmingham Jail, King wanted to encourage others to rebel against the wrong, even if it is not wise it is right, he was optimistic and yetRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King Jr s Letter From Birmingham Jail986 Words   |  4 Pages and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr’s Letter from Birmingham Jail are two important pieces of history. In Lincoln’s speech he speaks about the dangers of slavery in the United States and warned everybody that people who disrespected American laws could destroy the United States. On the other hand, Martin Luther King Jr. defended the strategy of nonviolent resistance to racism, and argued that people have a moral responsibility to break unjust laws. Based on these facts, Martin Luther King Jr does notRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King Jr. s Letter From Birmingham Jail1399 Words   |  6 Pagesmade. For people who are oppressed, what they see as the greater good may be vastly different from the views of those who are unoppressed. Martin Luther King Jr. s, Letter from Birmingham Jail illustrates how a seemingly innocent attempt at gaining one s rights can be seen as controversial and wrong by others. King was put into jail because of the peaceful protests he led. To those who shared King s method of thought, nonviolence would have been the way to maximize the gains in society by allowingRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King Jr.s Letter From A Birmingham Jail1493 Words   |  6 Pageswould have disagreed with this assertion, and died in part to keep this idea from spreading. Socrates was sentenced to death by an Athenian court, though the punishment did not fit the crimes he was accused of. We assume that any knowingly innocent person would have escaped this sentence if given the opportunity and support to do so, yet Socrates refused to and died soon after. Over 2,000 years later, Martin Luther King is also imprisoned on petty crimes and sees his actions in line with SocratesRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King Jr. s Letter From Birmingham Jail1794 Words   |  8 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. s 1963 Letter from Birm ingham Jail, a rhetorical masterpiece, was written in response to eight clergymen’s statements condemning his nonviolent direct actions. He defends the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights nonviolent, direct action against individuals, institutions, and laws that look the other way while unjust racial prejudice against African Americans runs rampant in Birmingham. Using three main appeals, Ethos, Pathos, Logos, Dr. King communicates the struggleRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King Jr. s Letter From Birmingham Jail1251 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"A just law is a man-made code that squares with the moral law, or the law of God. An unjust law is a code that is out of harmony with the moral law.† (3) In 1963 in this particular statement made by Martin Luther King Jr. in his Letter from Birmingham Jail, he explained how man-made (white men) laws were created to persecute the black race, and how it is his duty to fight against such laws. He was the one who articul ated the progressive hope of many African Americans along with other â€Å"colored†Read MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr s Letter From Birmingham Jail1499 Words   |  6 Pagescritically we become acquainted with these concepts therefore become better writers ourselves. While learning about rhetorical writing and composition we have analyzed Billy Collins â€Å" Commencement Address at Choate- Rosemary Hall† , Martin Luther King Jr’s â€Å"letter from Birmingham Jail† and Lloyd Bitzer’s essay on â€Å"Rhetorical Situation†. In this paper I will analyze and make connections between the concepts of audience, genre and rhetorical situation in connection to the fore-mentioned readings. In doingRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr s Letter From Birmingham Jail1831 Words   |  8 Pageseffective when all three rhetorical appeals, Logos, Pathos, and Ethos, come together to form an indisputable argument. Dr. Ma rtin Luther King Jr and Malcolm X are two of the most influential figures of the past few decades; similarly, their work is summarized as some of the most persuasive and controversial of all time. The audience of both of their pieces, â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† and â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet† include oppressed African Americans and the white oppressors themselves. Each man takesRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr. s Letter From A Birmingham Jail873 Words   |  4 PagesAfter criticism from eight Alabama clergymen for his nonviolent demonstrations, Martin Luther King Jr. was compelled to enlighten them on the current issues plaguing the African American community. During his confinement in a Birmingham jail, King wrote Letter from a Birmingham Jail to address most of the clergymen s concerns about his protest. In his letter, King emphasized why his actions were not unwise or untimely and explained that now was the perfect moment to act. Hi s studies and sermons

Essay on The Lamb - 626 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A time lost in it’s own morals, seeks refuge in the knowledge and innocence of the past. William Blake used direct dictation through his poem, â€Å"THE LAMB†, in disseminating his theorem, which we, humans, seek to find peace within our selves only after reestablishing our identity with something pure. In the poem William Blake uses the Lamb, as a vessel, to interpret the innocence, we would seek to use. The speaker is seeking answers to his questions, about how the lamb gained such natural innocence. Blake’s biblical reference is also clear; although one may possibly, with out major knowledge of biblical testaments, know that Adam and Eve both â€Å"sinned†; therefore damning all mankind to eternal suffering. This†¦show more content†¦The sin of Adam and Eve, that caused damnation, is a human one, and with such the speaker looks upon himself with dislike and seeks a new face of innocence by following the lamb’s ex ample. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;What is innocence? in†¢no†¢cence (à ®n ¹e-sens) noun 1.The state, quality, or virtue of being innocent, as:. a. Freedom from sin, moral wrong, or guilt through lack of knowledge of evil. b. Guiltlessness of a specific legal crime or offense. c. Freedom from guile, cunning, or deceit; simplicity or artlessness. d. Lack of worldliness or sophistication; naivetà ©. e. Lack of knowledge or understanding; ignorance. f. Freedom from harmfulness; inoffensiveness. The lamb a symbol of innocence, ignorance, purity, and self justification or just a lamb. Children are biblically innocent, the speaker contrast himself, the higher divinity, and the lamb to children. In this interpretation of â€Å"children† the speaker may possibly be trying to use ignorance as an excuse for sin in his life. The lamb’s natural gifts are clearly envied by the speaker, the gifts being food, shelter, and happiness. William Blake may have used this scene of lush valleys to allow the reader to also feel the envy towards the lamb’s peaceful existence. The lamb by no fault of its own is prosecuted by speaker, later to be found incoherent with his own tortures and suffrages.Show MoreRelatedThe Lamb and the Tyger Essay1437 Words   |  6 PagesThe Tyger and The Lamb by William Blake, written in 1794 included both of these poems in his collection Songs of Innocence and Song of Experience, takes readers on a journey of faith. Through a cycle of unanswere d questions, William Blake motivates the readers to question God. These two poems are meant to be interpreted in a comparison and contrast. They share two different perspectives, those being innocence and experience. To Blake, innocence is not better than experience. Both states haveRead MoreThe Lamb and The Tyger Essay955 Words   |  4 PagesThe Lamb and The Tyger In the poems The Lamb and The Tyger, William Blake uses symbolism, tone, and rhyme to advance the theme that God can create good and bad creatures. The poem The Lamb was in Blakes Songs of Innocence, which was published in 1789. The Tyger, in his Songs of Experience, was published in 1794. In these contrasting poems he shows symbols of what he calls the two contrary states of the human soul (Shilstone 1). In The Lamb, Blake uses the symbol of theRead MoreWilliam Blakes The Lamb Essay537 Words   |  3 Pages The Lamb - William Blake Summary The poem begins with the question, quot;Little Lamb, who made thee?quot; The speaker, a child, asks the lamb about its origins: how it came into being, how it acquired its particular manner of feeding, its quot;clothingquot; of wool, its quot;tender voice.quot; In the next stanza, the speaker attempts a riddling answer to his own question: the lamb was made by one who quot;calls himself a Lamb,quot; one who resembles in his gentleness both the child andRead MoreThe Lamb And The Tyger By William Blake1330 Words   |  6 Pagesfamous poems from Songs of Innocence and Experience are â€Å"The Lamb and The Tyger†. These poems use animals to attest to God’s role as the Creator, yet they possess contrasting tones and language of the speaker and present conflicting views of God’s power and ability. â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger† called me to ask questions of myself, my beliefs, and how my beliefs shape my worldview. In the first stanza of â€Å"The Lamb†, the speaker asks a lamb who was its creator. The speaker proceeds in the second stanzaRead MoreComparison of Two Poems: the Tyger and the Lamb844 Words   |  4 PagesI chose to do the comparison between ‘The Tyger’ and ‘The Lamb’ because they both have similar themes but are concerned with very different aspects of life. ‘The Tyger’ concentrates on the dangers to be faced in life and nature while ‘The Lamb’ celebrates nature as seen through the innocent eyes of a child. Blake examines different, almost opposite or contradictory ideas about the natural world, its creatures and their Creator. William Blake is the narrator of both poems which emphasizes hisRead MoreThe Silence Of The Lambs1229 Words   |  5 PagesWinning over twenty awards including an oscar, academy awards in all top five categories: Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Picture, Best Director, and Adapted Screenplay, Jonathan Demme’s The Silence of the Lambs brings mystery, excitement, and horror in an epic twist to find a serial killer killing heavy set women for their skin. Through amazing screenplay and talent, one can enjoy this psychological thriller on the edge of their seats. In the film, young FBI agent in training Clarice Starling,Read MoreAdoration of the Lamb1060 Words   |  5 PagesDon Malarkey 2-9-12 Significance of the Lamb The Adoration of the Lamb is Jan Van Eyck’s greatest accomplishments of a Renaissance painter. It was painted with oils in the third decade of the 15th century (Glover). This painting definitely has a lot going on in it. The painting is consisted of twelve panels where the outside panels can either be closed or open. There are many spiritual aspects in the painting; from the Holy family, Mary, Joseph, and Jesus; to Adam, Eve, and plenty of saintsRead MoreThe Silence Of The Lambs961 Words   |  4 Pagesmovie becomes boring and unwatchable. I do not often rewatch films, yet I often find myself intrigued by a particular horror film which goes by the name of The Silence of The Lambs. The reason why this horror film is so great is because it has nearly no jump scares, and no monster like beings. Instead, The Silence Of the Lambs artfully engages its audience with the reality of the plot. Throughout the film the audience is met with two very contrasting characters; Doctor Hannibal Lecter, an imprisonedRead MoreEssay about Analysis of â€Å"the Tyger† and â€Å"the Lamb†1290 Words   |  6 Pagesthe answer to them would be that God created the tiger, therefore the reader will come to the conclusion from this quote, â€Å" Did he who made the Lamb make thee?† (20). As the reader read this paper one will learn that the Creator in the poem â€Å"The Lamb† is God, so the reader will know that the Creator of the tiger could be the same Creator as that of the lamb. On one hand this is a reference to the God of the Bible; but on the other, it could be a reference to Blake himself. Surely, the poem is as inspiringRead More Comparison of the Poems The Tyger and The Lamb Essay1217 Words   |  5 PagesComparison of the Poems The Tyger and The Lamb In William Blake’s Songs of Innocence and Experience we are confronted with a powerful juxtaposition of nature. The innocuous ‘lamb’ and the ferocious ‘Tyger’ are designed to be interpreted in comparison with each other. Both creatures innovatively define childhood, they provide a contrast between youthful innocence and the experience of age contaminating it. ‘The Lamb’ is simplistic in vocabulary and style, Blake uses childish repetitions

Labor Market Research Calculating Nursing Wages Free Essays

This paper will explore two of Mankiw’s (2001) â€Å"ten principles of economics† (p. 3) and how these apply to the labor market for nurses. The paper will briefly discuss the two principles: a) â€Å"No. We will write a custom essay sample on Labor Market Research: Calculating Nursing Wages or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 People Face Tradeoffs,† (p. 4-5) and b) â€Å"No. 7 Governments Can Sometimes Improve Market Outcomes† (p. 11). Afterwards, the paper will discuss how the State of New York calculates nursing wages considering the two principles. First, the said discussion will identify the factors that could influence the supply and demand for nurses. Second, it will discuss how a nurse’s pay is determined and how the salary is structured. Third, it will provide recommendations on how the State of New York can increase its supply of nurses. Finally fourth, it will summarize how Mankiw’s two principles basically apply to the labor market for nurses. The two economic principles this paper centers on belong to Nicholas Gregory Mankiw, chairman of President Bush’s Council of Economic Advisers from 2003 to 2005. Principle No. 1, People Face Tradeoffs, refers to the situation when people have to choose one activity or thing over another (p. 4-5). This principle states that people’s choices affect efficiency and equity (p. 5). Mankiw defines efficiency as: â€Å"how huge the pie people create† or essentially the wealth that a society produces while equity is â€Å"how the pie is divided† or the redistribution of the wealth that the society has created (p. 5). Meanwhile Principle No. 7, Governments Can Sometimes Improve Market Outcomes, refers to the imperfect actions of government to manage a society’s efficiency and equity (p. 11). Government actions can result to market failure due to externalities and market power (p. 11). On one hand, externalities can either be good or bad (p. 11). It refers to the unintended results of a particular action in pursuing a certain purpose (p. 11). On the other hand, market power refers to the influence of a person, sector, or society due to limited supply or great demand on a particular thing or service (p. 11). Speaking of service, this paper will next explore the nursing service in the state of New York, then in the entire U.S.A. Brewer and Kovner (2000) identified several factors that influence the supply for nurses in New York. According to the two authors, the factors that affect supply are: a) â€Å"negative real wage growth from 1989 to 1996†; b) decreasing â€Å"admissions and enrollments in nursing programs†; c) â€Å"decrease in licensed nurses†; and d) â€Å"aging and retirement of registered nurses or RNs.† Meanwhile, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2003) identified the following factors that influence the â€Å"continuing decline of nursing graduates† nationwide: a) â€Å"increasing professional opportunities for women outside nursing†; b) â€Å"stagnant pay and more onerous working conditions for many in nursing†; and c) â€Å"a decline in pubic perception of the attractiveness of the nursing profession.† For the demand-side, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services noted that: â€Å"The U.S. Census Bureau projects a rapid increase in the elderly population starting around 2010 when the leading edge of the baby boom generation approaches age 65.† Hence, the department concludes: â€Å"†¦the rapid growth in demand for nursing services is especially pronounced for long-term care settings that predominantly provide care to the elderly.† Next in the discussion are: a) how a nurse’s pay is determined, and b) how the salary is structured. Brewer and Kovner (2000) pointed out that: â€Å"Hospitals are having significant difficulty financially due to the Balanced Budget Act and state legislation.†Ã‚   The authors also concluded: â€Å"Funding changes that effect hospital financial viability will significantly influence the balance of supply and demand.† Moreover, Brewer and Kovner (2000) observed and opined: â€Å"Current shortages are relatively localized and moderate in severity, and if hospitals achieve sufficient financial relief politically they may abate.† With these evidences, government essentially determines a nurse’s pay. As for how RN salaries are structured, Brewer and Kovner (2000) suggested that: a) great demand versus limited supply; b) experience; c) specialized skills; and d) regional demand variations led to: â€Å"1) ease with which new graduates are finding employment; 2) organizations offering sign-on bonuses; 3) anecdotal and news reports; 4) focus group reports, and 5) surveys of employers which indicate difficulty hiring RNs.† The said factors essentially determine how RN salaries are structured. Thirdly, due to the factors previously identified and discussed, this paper recommends that the State of New York increase its supply of nurses thru: a) recruitment of RNs from abroad, and b) encouragement of retirement homes abroad in countries with sufficient supply of RNs that are acceptable to the U.S. or those that can comply with U.S. standards. Finally, this paper notes that Mankiw’s first and seventh principles have a profound effect on the supply and demand of nurses, RN pay, and RN salary structures. One, based on the data previously discussed, the U.S. shortage in RNs could be attributed to two major factors: a) State legislation and the Federal government’s Balanced Budget Act which essentially reduced the RN supply, and b) the retirement of baby boomers and their great demand for health care. Note that both factors relate to government policies or decisions. Specifically, Roosevelt’s New Deal triggered the baby boom generation while Reagan pushed for the Balanced Budget Act. Two, due to the said government policies which were intended to manage efficiency and equity, the U.S. DHHS observed that people made choices that affected the supply and demand for nurses. This trend shows how positive and negative externalities came into play and determined the current market power of RNs. References Brewer, C.S. Kovner, C. (2000). â€Å"Abstract: An Evaluation of the Supply and Demand of Registered Nurses in New York State.† Gateway, National Library of Medicine. Retrieved July 14, 2007 Mankiw, G. (2001). â€Å"Ten Principles of Economics.† Principles of Microeconomics Second Edition. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt College Publishers. pp. 3-15. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2003). â€Å"What is Behind HRSA’s Projected Supply, Demand, and Shortage of Registered Nurses?† Health Resources and Services Administration. Retrieved July 14, 2007 How to cite Labor Market Research: Calculating Nursing Wages, Essays

The Impact of Disasters to the Economic Growth of a Country a Study Case of Indonesia Essay Example

The Impact of Disasters to the Economic Growth of a Country a Study Case of Indonesia Essay Economic growth is defined as the increase of per capita gross domestic product (GDP) or other measure of aggregate income. It is often measured as the rate of change in real GDP and it refers only to the quantity of goods and services produced. As we all know, each country has its own economic development that can be affected both positively and negatively. When a country experiences a negative growth, it can be referred to by saying that the economy is â€Å"shrinking† and it is associated with economic recession and economic depression. Let’s bring to focus on Indonesia’s economics growth. With domestic consumption known as the major driving forces behind any country’s economics growth, being a developing country, Indonesia must be able to sustain its economics growth. Ironically, even though Indonesia’s wealth lies on its abundance of natural resources and this has become its pillar for economic growth, poverty still has become a big problem in Indonesia. Why is this so? The answer is natural disasters. Being the top three of most occurrences of natural disasters, Indonesia’s economic growth is greatly affected by it. This is because natural disasters give a big impact on the life of the people in the country. Its impact is like a ripple effect which continued to affect others. During this time of chaos, the government’s decision is needed to solve all the problems that disaster has caused with the help from the people too. Indonesia is a paradox; it is the worlds largest archipelago, both a place of natural beauty and natural disasters. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Disasters to the Economic Growth of a Country a Study Case of Indonesia specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Disasters to the Economic Growth of a Country a Study Case of Indonesia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Disasters to the Economic Growth of a Country a Study Case of Indonesia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The beauty makes it a prime tourist destination, but its failure to provide and maintain road infrastructure or important disaster-management technology may seriously hamper this vital part of the nations economy. Yet, the disasters make it one of some reasons that cause tourist unwilling or afraid to visit the beauty of Indonesia. Natural disasters are not disasters people do on purpose. It is not because of what someone did, but it is a nature calling, something we may predict but we never will be able to avoid. We might have been able to minor the causes, but natural disasters occur spontaneously. It came all of a sudden without any friendly, even a stern warning. And these disasters have come and gone in Indonesia. This country probably has experienced most of the most destructive disasters ever occur in the face of the earth. Natural disasters, such as: the tsunami in Aceh back at 2004, earthquake in Padang, and the most recent disaster, the eruption of Gunung Merapi, have been occurred in Indonesia. All these disasters have affected the economy in Indonesia over these past few years. There are positive and negative effects, and some lasted short, while others affected long enough. Any disaster mostly has negative effects. For the victims of the disaster, most likely they lost all their possessions, places to live, and the worst of all, their family members, even their own lives. This may continue to be a long-term effect, as this tragedy may be a trauma to the individuals. For the country or city, generally, it needs more time and effort to rebuild and reconstruct all the facilities and the places for living. Another negative impact is that the tourism will be decreased. For example, Merapi dust covers up Borobudur Temple, which is the main tourist attraction in Jogjakarta. The dust contains many acids and it may affect the Borobudur Temple’s structure. If Borobudur is damaged, it will make our historical heritage facing a downward movement. For Indonesian government that means the income from international tourists will also be affected. The tourism department will loose its primary income. From the farmers’ side, the time when they could harvest, they would not be able to do that and eventually will make it a financial loss. For the economy itself, it will cause a major problem. People who work in that location do not have a place to work and the economic activities are agitated. They do not have income for their living. While for the government, they need more money to reconstruct the buildings, public facilities, and to take care of the victims’ needs for the present time, because like stated before, they do not have income for themselves and it’s the government’s responsibility to take care of their people. It is barely impossible to have the positive effect when you face a disaster that destroys the place physically and socially. In contrast, if we have the will to think about it a little bit deeper, we could find one or two positive impacts of a disaster. For the tourism, the location may become more famous after the disaster, the media all around the world explain about how great and wonderful the place was before the disaster happened. It may cause the tourists around the world more curious and therefore go to that place and experience the beauty. The income from the tourism could increase. Volunteers from any countries may also come to help and it may increase the income from the transportation. Another example from the Merapi disaster is that the soil from the lava, for the next few years, will change the ground of the areas around Gunung Merapi being a fertile place. Also, the sand from the Merapi eruption is a high quality product that can be sold with a high market price. Short-term effects on economy are varied. It can cause a lost of income from the people, therefore they cannot afford the things that they should buy to fulfill their primary needs. The sellers on that location will also lose their buyers. The per capita income will decrease for some time until the place is fully revitalized. People may also find other jobs that differ from their previous jobs, this might lead to better employment and income if they work hard. We would then like to emphasize further that natural disasters does affect a country’s economy in various ways. They destroy capital stock, such as homes, roads, factories, pipelines, and they disrupt the ordinary flow of production and consumption. The risk is that essential federal assistance to help families that have lost everything will expand into a spending splurge predicated on the notion that the economy is at risk. The long-term effect is the investment, the disaster may cause distrust from the investor to plan their investment on the location. This will lead into difficulties on improving and the reconstruction of the location. And if the condition does not improve like how it is planned, poverty will increase and the location will be left undeveloped. Earthquakes, tsunami, eruptions are some of the few things to cause long-term effects, major disasters. Yet, what affect economy most is the minor disasters in everyday life. Every year, the frequent floods and landslides that kill families affect more Indonesians by pushing communities back into poverty. These smaller disasters do not always make the international media aware or do not always require large-scale reconstruction efforts, but they affect more Indonesians than those rare, catastrophic disasters, which make headlines in media all around the world. Now that every possible impact has been pointed out, there are a few points to be considered for reducing the risks in natural disasters which affect country’s economy. Investing in disaster risk reduction not only saves lives and livelihoods, but it also helps to reduce the costs involved in responding to disasters. This can offer a measure of protection for country with developing economies, such as Indonesia, and helps safeguard its critical infrastructure.

GED Overview - Prep, Online Help, Courses, Practice

GED Overview - Prep, Online Help, Courses, Practice Once youve decided to get your GED, it can be difficult to figure out how to prepare. Our poll shows that most people searching for GED info are either looking for classes and study programs, or are taking practice tests and looking for a testing center. It sounds easy, but it isnt always. State Requirements In the U.S., every state has its own GED or high school equivalency requirements that can be difficult to locate on the states government pages. Adult education is sometimes handled by the Department of Education, sometimes by the Department of Labor, and often by departments with names like Public Instruction or Workforce Education. Find your states requirements in GED/High School Equivalency Programs in the United States. Finding a Class or Program Now that you know whats required by your state, how do you go about finding a class, either online or on campus, or some other kind of study program? Many of the state sites offer learning programs, sometimes called Adult Basic Education, or ABE. If your state’s classes werent obvious on the GED/High School Equivalency page, search the site for ABE or adult education. State directories of schools offering adult education are often included on these pages. If your state GED/High School Equivalency or ABE websites dont provide a directory of classes, try finding a school near you on Americas Literacy Directory. This directory provides addresses, phone numbers, contacts, hours, maps, and other useful information. Contact the school that matches your needs and ask about GED/High School Equivalency prep courses. Theyll take it from there and help you achieve your goals. Online Classes If you cant find a convenient or appropriate school near you, what next? If you do well with self-study, an online course may work for you. Some, such as GED Board and gedforfree.com, are free. These sites offer free study guides and practice tests that are very comprehensive. Check out the math and English courses at GED Board: Free Math Videos and QuizzesFree Help with English Others, such as the GED Academy and GED Online, charge tuition. Do your homework and make sure you understand what youre buying. Remember that you cannot take the GED/High School Equivalency test online. This is very important. The new 2014 tests are computer-based, but not online. There is a difference. Do not let anyone charge you for taking the test online. The diploma they offer you is not valid. You must take your test at a certified testing center. These should be listed on your states adult education website. Study Guides There are many GED/High School Equivalency study guides available at national book stores and in your local libraries, and some of these are probably available at your local independent book store as well. Ask at the counter if youre not sure where to find them. You can also order them online. Compare prices and how each book is laid out. People learn in different ways. Choose the books that make you feel comfortable using them. This is your education. Adult Learning Principles Adults learn differently than children. Your study experience is going to be different from your memory of school as a child. Understanding adult learning principles will help you make the most of this new adventure you’re beginning. Introduction to Adult Learning and Continuing Education Practice Tests When youre ready to take the GED/High School Equivalency test, there are practice tests available to help you find out how ready you really are. Some are available in book form from the same companies that publish the study guides. You may have seen them when you shopped for guides. Others are available online. Following are just a few. Search for GED/High School Equivalency practice tests and choose a site that is easy for you to navigate. Some are free, and some have a small fee. Again, be sure you know what youre buying. Test Prep ReviewGED Practice.com from Steck-VaughnPeterson’s Registering for the Real Test If you need to, refer back to your state’s adult education website to locate the testing center closest to you. Tests are usually offered on certain days at specific times, and youll need to contact the center to register in advance. Effective January 1, 2014, states have three testing choices: GED Testing Service (partner in the past)HiSET Program, developed by ETS (Educational Testing Service)Test Assessing Secondary Completion (TASC, developed by McGraw Hill) Info about the 2014 GED Test from GED Testing Service is below. Watch for info about the other two tests coming soon. The GED Test from GED Testing Service The new 2014 computer-based GED test from GED Testing Service has four parts: Reasoning Through Language Arts (RLA) (150 minutes)Mathematical Reasoning (90 minutes)Science (90 minutes)Social Studies (90 minutes) Sample questions are available on the GED Testing Service site. The test is available in English and Spanish, and you can take each part up to three times in a one-year period. Calming Test Stress No matter how hard youve studied, tests can be stressful. There are lots of ways to manage your anxiety, assuming youre prepared, of course, which is the first way to reduce test stress. Resist the urge to cram right up to test time. Your brain will function more clearly if you: Arrive early and relaxedTrust yourselfTake your timeRead the instructions carefullyAnswer the questions you know easily first, and thenGo back and work on the harder ones Remember to breathe! Breathing deeply will keep you calm and relaxed. Relieve study stress with 10 Ways to Relax. Good Luck Getting your GED/High School Equivalency certificate will be one of the most satisfying accomplishments of your life. Good luck to you. Enjoy the process, and let us know in the Continuing Education forum how youre doing.

Common Examples of Uncountable Sets

Common Examples of Uncountable Sets Not all infinite sets are the same. One way to distinguish between these sets is by asking if the set is countably infinite or not. In this way, we say that infinite sets are either countable or uncountable. We will consider several examples of infinite sets and determine which of these are uncountable.​ Countably Infinite We begin by ruling out several examples of infinite sets. Many of the infinite sets that we would immediately think of are found to be countably infinite. This means that they can be put into a one-to-one correspondence with the natural numbers. The natural numbers, integers, and rational numbers are all countably infinite. Any union or intersection of countably infinite sets is also countable. The Cartesian product of any number of countable sets is countable. Any subset of a countable set is also countable. Uncountable The most common way that uncountable sets are introduced is in considering the interval (0, 1) of real numbers. From this fact, and the one-to-one function f( x ) bx a. it is a straightforward corollary to show that any interval (a, b) of real numbers is uncountably infinite. The entire set of real numbers is also uncountable. One way to show this is to use the one-to-one tangent function f ( x ) tan x. The domain of this function is the interval (-π/2, π/2), an uncountable set, and the range is the set of all real numbers. Other Uncountable Sets The operations of basic set theory can be used to produce more examples of uncountably infinite sets: If A is a subset of B and A is uncountable, then so is B. This provides a more straightforward proof that the entire set of real numbers is uncountable.If A is uncountable and B is any set, then the union A U B is also uncountable.If A is uncountable and B is any set, then the Cartesian product A x B is also uncountable.If A is infinite (even countably infinite) then the power set of A is uncountable. Two other examples, which are related to one another are somewhat surprising. Not every subset of the real numbers is uncountably infinite (indeed, the rational numbers form a countable subset of the reals that is also dense). Certain subsets are uncountably infinite. One of these uncountably infinite subsets involves certain types of decimal expansions. If we choose two numerals and form every possible decimal expansion with only these two digits, then the resulting infinite set is uncountable. Another set is more complicated to construct and is also uncountable. Start with the closed interval [0,1]. Remove the middle third of this set, resulting in [0, 1/3] U [2/3, 1]. Now remove the middle third of each of the remaining pieces of the set. So (1/9, 2/9) and (7/9, 8/9) is removed. We continue in this fashion. The set of points that remain after all of these intervals are removed is not an interval, however, it is uncountably infinite. This set is called the Cantor Set. There are infinitely many uncountable sets, but the above examples are some of the most commonly encountered sets.

Profile of a Theorist (Edward T. Hall) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Profile of a Theorist (Edward T. Hall) - Essay Example olars, among them the famous Marshall McLuhan who came out with the mantra, â€Å" the medium is the message†, and with whom Hall had a long and fruitful correspondence. Hall is universally acknowledged to be the founding father of studies on intercultural communication, because it all started with his early work in the 1950s for the United States State Department in order to coach foreign service personnel survival skills in intercultural communication. He realized that a majority of the communication gaps between people from different cultures could be because of different perceptions they had about the same thing, based on their cultural background. Intercultural communication is usually defined as any direct communicative interaction between individuals or groups of individuals belonging to different cultures. In other words, the term denotes interpersonal communication between "strangers" on the micro-level of face-to-face interaction. In a wider sense, however, the term is also but less frequently used to refer to direct or indirect interactions or contacts between ethnic groups, nations or cultures, thus denoting culture contact and cultural exchange on the meso- or macro-level. ( Roth, Klaus, 1999, p.206 ) The formal beginnings of intercultural communication are usually traced to the 1959 publication of â€Å"The Silent Language† by Hall. In this book, he defined culture as a concept, and described its role in setting expectations during the process of communication. He contradicted the prevalent natural assumption that communication styles and core values can be universal for all cultures. Instead, he proposed that a majority of human communication is actually non-verbal, mostly subconscious, and is determined to a large extent by cultural and linguistic backgrounds. In this book, he came up with the theory that not only does peoples cultural background act as a medium of communication, it also forms a subconscious part of the communication method.His

Entrepreneurial Business Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Entrepreneurial Business Principles - Essay Example In 2007 an innovative product that caught the attention of the market was the iPhone. It is imperative for companies to invest in research and development to spur innovation within the firm. A third business principle that is essential for the success of entrepreneurs is teamwork. Teamwork has become a critical success factor in the 21st century. When teamwork breaks down within a firm the members of the group find it difficult to accomplish theirs tasks and goals (Cross, 2013). Teamwork within an organization can be enhanced by providing the employees of a company with training to develop important skills such as leadership, communication, and collaboration. A fourth business principle that is important for the success of entrepreneurs is active listening skills. Businesspeople must understand that the opinions of others are of importance since products should be developed based on the desires of the target customers. Listening to others also improves the communication process within a

The Aims Of Writing A Literature Review Education Essay

The Aims Of Writing A Literature Review Education Essay What is review of the literature? A literature review is a write-up that aims to review the critical aspects of current knowledge on a particular topic. Its an account of what has been published on a topic by accredited scholars and researchers. Most often associated with science-oriented literature, such as a thesis, the literature review usually precedes a research proposal, methodology and results section. The purpose is to bring the reader up to date with current literature on a topic and form the basis for future research that may be needed in the area. A good literature review is characterized by: a logical flow of ideas; current and relevant references with consistent, appropriate referencing style; proper use of terminology; and an unbiased and comprehensive view of the previous research on the topic. It is not just a descriptive list of the material available, or a set of summaries. Besides enlarging your knowledge about the topic, writing a literature review lets you gain and demonstrate skills in two areas Information seeking: the ability to scan the literature efficiently, using manual or computerized methods, to identify a set of useful articles and books Critical appraisal: the ability to apply principles of analysis to identify unbiased and valid studies. A literature review must do these things Be organized around and related directly to the thesis or research question you are developing Synthesize results into a summary of what is and is not known Identify areas of controversy in the literature Formulate questions that need further research A literature review is a piece of discursive prose, not a list describing or summarizing one piece of literature after another. Its usually a bad sign to see every paragraph beginning with the name of a researcher. Instead, organize the literature review into sections that present themes or identify trends, including relevant theory. You are not trying to list all the material published, but to synthesize and evaluate it according to the guiding concept of your thesis or research question If you are writing an annotated bibliography, you may need to summarize each item briefly, but should still follow through themes and concepts and do some critical assessment of material. Use an overall introduction and conclusion to state the scope of your coverage and to formulate the question, problem, or concept your chosen material illuminates. Usually you will have the option of grouping items into sections-this helps you indicate comparisons and relationships. You may be able to write a paragraph or so to introduce the focus of each section How to do a literature search? Defining the topic In order to begin your literature review you must first define your research question. What is the purpose? What does it mean? What are the key words? Are there other words which could be used, such as synonyms, variations in spelling? What do you already know about the topic? What is the scope? Compiling a list of keywords Analyzing the topic of an essay question or research topic usually involves making a list of keywords or phrases. You will need to include all the key concepts or ideas contained within the essay or research question. It might be useful to include alternative ways of phrasing and expressing concepts and ideas. Think about both general terms and very specific terms for broadening and narrowing your search. The keyword or phrase is the basic unit of any search. You may find it helpful to consult subject dictionaries and encyclopedias, or a textbook glossary for the common terminology of the subject area. The use of an index and/or thesaurus is also advisable to establish the useful terms. Identifying Resources Information is available in a number of formats. It is important for you to understand the significance of various formats so that you know what will best suit your information requirements. Books Reference Materials Journals Conference Papers Dissertations Internet Indexes/Abstracts Printed Electronic Databases Government publications Thesis Putting tables and figures If you found the table or figure in a source, or if you developed the information in the table or figure from a source other than your own primary research, you must cite the full source just below the table or figure, and again include the full source in your list of references at the end of the thesis. Table number and headline is always mentioned on top of the table. Figure number and headline is mentioned at bottom of the figure. The source reference below the figure/table should be in a smaller font, in a bracket, in italics. Like this: Table 4: Numbers Unemployed in Co. Roscommon, 2000 2004 Electoral District Male Age range Female Age range Total (Source: Jones, D. 2004. Impact of unemployment in rural areas of Connacht 2000 2004. Dublin: Folens, p. 56.) Figure 4: Air Supply in Burma (June 1944 to April 1945) (Source: Jones, D. 2004. Environmental Concerns. Dublin: Folens, p. 56.) 2. Bibliography Formats Each citation in a bibliography has to describe a resource in enough detail that someone can go to a library (or out on the net, or to a bookstore), and see it for themselves. Imagine going to a bookshop and saying, Hi. I need that book on World War II. You know, the one that mentions Hitler? Thats why the specifics-formats, titles, authors, dates, etc.- are important. Writing the assessment: What do I need to reference? When you are writing your assessment, be sure to type in reference information as you add in the ideas of other authors. This will save you time and will ensure that you reference all sources properly. Whenever you use someone elses ideas or words, you must put in a reference. The only exception to this rule is when the information you have read somewhere is common knowledge or public domain information. For example, you would not need to include a reference if you stated in an assignment that Shakespeare wrote plays and sonnets in Elizabethan times. You must always reference the following (i) Direct quotations this is when you copy another authors material word-for-word. You should show the reader that it is a direct quote by placing the material in inverted commas. Traditionally, double inverted commas have been used () but it is now acceptable, and preferable to use single inverted commas (). Sometimes it is difficult to avoid the direct quotation as the authors words may precisely describe the point you are trying to make. However, do try to avoid the overuse of direct quotations; try to paraphrase the authors work where possible. Please note that when you use direct quotations, you must reproduce the authors words exactly, including all spelling, capitalisation, punctuation, and errors. You may show the reader that you recognise an error and that you are correctly quoting the author by placing the term sic in brackets after the error. (ii) Paraphrasing this is when you take another authors ideas and put them into your own words. You are still copying someone elses work, so you must reference it. You do not need to use inverted commas when you paraphrase, but you must clearly show the reader the original source of your information. 1. INTERNET RESOURCES In the easy-come, easy -go world of the free internet, dates and addresses are particularly important. Two dates are required: the date that the material was published or updated, and the date on which you actually used it. The address, or URL, of the site must be complete. This means including the access-mode identifier (e.g., http, ftp, gopher, telnet, news) as well as the path and file names. The address should also be enclosed in angle brackets . For an entire web site the bibliographic form is : Author or Creator of site. Title of Site. Date of site. . Date you used the site. The entry will look like this: Hsu, David. Chemicol Periodic Table. 2005. . September 6, 2007. For an article within a web site the bibliographic form is : Author of article. Title of Article. Title of Site. Date of site. . Date you used the site. The entry will look like this: U.S. Department of State. Sudan. Background Notes. March, 2007. . September 10, 2007. For online newspaper magazine articles , the bibliographic form is Author of Article. Title of Article. Title of Magazine or Newspaper. Complete date. . Date you used the site. The entry will look like this: Jamieson, Alastair. Chinas Toy Story Turns Nasty After New Recall. The Scotsman. September 6, 2007. . September 12, 2007. 2. â‚ ¬Ã‚  REGULAR BOOKS A regular book usually has just one author, and comes in just one volume. The bibliographic form is Author. Title. Place: Publisher, Date. The entry will look like this: Hammond, Jeff. Real Men Work in the Pits: A Life in NASCAR Racing. PA: Rodale, 2005. When there are two authors, the bibliographic form is First Author (last name first), and Second Author (first name first). Title. Place: Publisher, Date. The entry will look like this: Angeletti, Norberto, and Alberto Oliva. In Vogue: The Illustrated History of the Worlds Most Famous Fashion Magazine. NY: Rizzoli, 2006. When there are three or more authors, the bibliographic form is First Author (last name first), et al. Title. Place: Publisher, Date. The entry will look like this: Bos, Samone, et al. Go!: The Whole World of Transportation. NY: Dorling Kindersley, 2006. Books with an anonymous or unknown author The University Encyclopedia (1985) London: Roydon 3. COLLECTIONSâ‚ ¬Ã‚   EDITED BOOKS A collection is a book (or set of books) that contains works by many different authors-like an edited book or proceeding, an encyclopedia, an Opposing Viewpoints book, or an anthology of short stories or poems. You usually use just one or two parts of it in your paper and the bibliographic form is Author of the Part. Title of the Part. Editor (or Compiler) of the Collection. Title of the Collection. Vol. # (if present). Place: Publisher, Date. The entry will look like this: Cohen, Steve. Snowboarding. World Book Encyclopedia. Vol. 17. IL: World Book, Inc., 2003. Tatum, Becky L. Studies Have Not Established a Link Between Rap Music and Youth Violence. Gerdes, Louise I., ed. Media Violence, Opposing Viewpoints. CA: Greenhaven Press, 2004. If you use several different works from the same anthology, you neednt cite each separately. The bibliographic form for citing an entire collection or anthology is: Editor (or Compiler) of the Anthology. Title of the Anthology. Vol. # (if present). Place: Publisher, Date. The entry will look like this: Nelson, Marilyn. A Wreath for Emmett Till. MA: Houghton Mifflin, 2005. 4. â‚ ¬Ã‚  NEWSPAPERSâ‚ ¬Ã‚   MAGAZINES When citing an article from a print copy of a newspaper or magazine, the most important thing to put down is the complete date. The bibliographic form is Author of Article. Title of Article.Title of Magazine or Newspaper. Complete date, Edition (if present): page number(s). The entry will look like this: Randall, Lisa. An American Physicist in Italy. Discover. July, 2007: 56. LeBlanc, Emma. Refugees Tell NH Woman Their Stories. New Hampshire Union Leader. September 10, 2007, State Edition: A1. 5. JOURNALS The conventions for listing journal articles are similar to books, but note the extra information required in the example below and apply this to all journal article listings. Muller, V. (1994) Trapped in the body: Transsexualism, the law, sexual identity, The Australian Feminist Law Journal, vol. 3, August, pp. 103-107. Journal article with both volume and issue number Muller, V. (1994) Trapped in the body: Transsexualism, the law, sexual identity, The Australian Feminist Law Journal, vol. 3, no. 2, August, pp. 103-107. 5. NON-PRINTMEDIA If the item is not print-based (like a film on DVD or VHS, an MP3 file or audio CD, or a set of slides), the bibliographic form is Producer or Director. Title. [Format] Place: Distributor, Date. The entry will look like this: Hampton, Henry. Eyes on the Prize II. [VHS] VA: PBS Video, 1993. Lansing, Alfred. Endurance: Shackletons Incredible Voyage. [MP3] OR: Blackstone Audio Books, 1991. May, Robert, and Steve James. The War Tapes. [DVD] NY: Docurama, 2007. Paschen, Elise, and Rebekah Presson Mosby. Poetry Speaks: Hear Great Poets Read Their Work from Tennyson to Plath. [CD] IL: Sourcebooks MediaFusion, 2001. 3. How to avoid plagiarism Scientific Misconduct and Plagiarism: Many people say that it is the intellect which makes a great scientist. They are wrong: it is character Albert Einstein In centuries of reading, writing, experimenting and hypothesizing, a persons work will inevitably incorporate and overlap with that of others. However, occasional overlap is one thing; systematic, unacknowledged use of the techniques, data, words or ideas of others is another. Your work has to be carried out honestly and objectively without bias and the results should be reported truthfully. Deviations may occur from the ideal due to ignorance or, at times, they may be willful deceptions. These deviations from the ideal, willful or otherwise, constitute what is known as scientific misconduct. While various types of scientific misconduct have been identified, those that comes to notice usually include fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, cyber-plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and duplicate publication. It is desired that all students should be made aware of these. This note defines plagiarism and sets guidelines. What is Plagiarism? Failure to acknowledge other colleagues scientific work-their ideas, language, or data. Verbatim copying of passages without citing the original contributor, rewording of ideas, paraphrasing, and even total reproduction by simply changing the authors names and trying to pass the material as ones own. Unauthorized use of ideas or unique methods obtained by a privileged communication, such as a grant or manuscript review. Passing off retrospective studies as prospective ones or deliberately omit references to earlier works. How Plagiarism can be detected? One of the important responsibilities of a reviewer is detection of plagiarized text due to his/her familiarity with published material in his/her area of interest. Technology has made it possible to carry out checks for sentences that are copied from previously published articles. There are dedicated web sites available that provide information on plagiarism ( www.plagiarism.org ) and software to detect plagiarism has made it easier for reviewers and editorial staff of journals to detect copying (www.ithenticate.com, www.writecheck.com and www.turnitin.com ). We have recommended to you the VIPER software. Dos and Donts of Plagiarism Some simple tips to be followed to avoid plagiarism are: Take short notes from the source and then write back in your own words without looking back at the original source. Attribute references to any information or idea you are using from other sources, even if you are not directly using it. describe all sources of information Give acknowledgments to the original source by quoting author details at the end of the statement. Give details of the original source by providing footnotes . Use quotation marks wherever required If you are paraphrasing, credit the original source For extensive quotations, obtain permission from the publisher of the original work Obtain permission for use of published drawings or other illustrations Dos and Donts of Research: DO: Make sure you know what question youre trying to answer. Look at all kinds of sources before you narrow in on the ones that will be most useful. Read and digest. Give yourself time to do this. Think critically about what youve just read and how it directly relates to the question. Evaluate what youve got, the holes in your research, and where you need to go from here. Keep a running annotated bibliography going, sorting facts by source or marking your notes with a coding system so as to remember where individual facts came from. Divide your thesis into sections before you begin researching. Make sure you devote energy and time to finding information about all the topics you want to tackle. Remember that the beginning of a thesis presents existing knowledge on a topic, whereas towards the end of a paper, you present your own thoughts. Use a variety of sources. Journals, books, e-books, newspaper and magazine articles, legitimate web sites, and course books can all be good sources, but which ones you use will depend on your topic. Talk to your professor about his or her expectations and ideas for sources. Talk to other students about their strategies for mapping out the research ahead. DONTS: Stuff so much information into your head at once that you cant remember what you learned and where you learned it from. You will lose sight of the point of the research project. Cite Wikipedia. Wikipedia is good for getting general information, but find an absolutely reliable source for your citations. Plagiarize. Learn what constitutes plagiarism and how to use sources responsibly. Dos and Donts of Internet Research The internet provides a rich resource of information and data however; there is great risk in using this all-too accessible resource. Self-regulating resources like Wikipedia and Google- or yahoo-search readily provide us with answers to just about any question we may pose. But which is it the right answer? And, is it the right answer? The very accessibility of online information makes it risky and often questionable. You need to be more vigilant of the veracity and reliability of your sources when acquiring information from the internet. To ensure that your information you have got is sound, one can do several things: Use more than one source, particularly for important things; this will give you a wider range of material from which to discern accuracy and reliability. Verify your sources and preferably cross-reference to measure out objective truth vs. bias. Try to use primary sources (original) vs. secondary or tertiary sources (original cited and open to interpretation); the closer you are to the original source, the closer you are to getting the original study.

Critique of Health Related Information Sources

Critique of Health Related information sources Abstract Background – The internet is a vast source of information containing over 70 000 health related sites and discerning credible sites can often be a challenging task. It is important however so that reliable information can be obtained. Methods – A series of critique questions were devised to determine the credibility of a health based online journal article and health based website. Questions were determined according to guidelines based on accuracy, links to authority, current relevance, scope of coverage, objectivity and design of each source advised by Hendrix and Winters (2001) [2].Findings – Journal Article; was deemed a credible source coming from a peer reviewed journal with many credible references and no apparent bias or conflict of interest. The main author had significant authority and relevance in the given field and discussions were examined in depth. Most limitations are accounted for though no mention was made regarding possible complications of using slightly out dated data. Findings – Website; was deemed a non-credible source according the critique questions.Very few authors could be linked to articles and most articles were associated with product promotion indicating high levels of bias. While articles were maximum 4 years old, no references were made to original findings and therefore age and accuracy of data could not be confirmed. Conclusion – keeping in mind critiquing criteria is important when discerning any information sourced from the internet whether it is peer-reviewed or not as this does not guarantee 100% credibility. The website chosen was relatively easy to discern.More thought and critical thinking would be required to discern more popular health websites. Introduction Websites can be created by anyone with access to a computer and internet [1] and are subject too misleading or incorrect information whether accidentally or maliciously [2]. There are over 70 000 health-related websites available [3] the form of journals, websites, blogs, other social media, the list goes on. As a health professional, one needs to be aware of the extensive amounts of new and existing research available over the internet, but also how to valuate, discern and decide which information is reliable. Deciding the credibility of a website is not always straight forward. Research shows that even credible websites may not necessarily always provide highly accurate health information [4]. A study found internet to be a desirable medium used by collage students with 74% of participants obtaining health information from the internet via websites such as Yahoo, Ask Jeeves and health. com [5].Some of these sites may seem reputable but are not subject to peer-reviewing. Information subject to peer-review, such as online journals, is significantly more likely to be credible and contain reliable information [6]. The aim of this report is to evaluate an d critique, two health related internet sources, a journal article ‘Energy density of foods and beverages in the Australian food supply: influence of macronutrients and comparison to dietary intake’ [7] and a website ‘Goodhealth. com’ [8] MethodsSources were critiqued based on criteria adapted from Hendrix and Winters (2001) [2]. Detailed questions were answered in regards to the following topics; accuracy, links to authority, current relevance, scope of coverage, objectivity and design of each source. This information was then critically analysed to determine the reliability and credibility of each source. Findings Journal Article – Energy density of foods and beverages in the Australian food supply: influence of macronutrients and comparison to dietary intake. [7]This article explores the relationship between energy density and the percentage of energy as fat, carbohydrate or percent water weight of individual foods and beverages listed in the 1999 Australian Food and Nutrient Database [9] composed by Food Standards Australia and New Zealand [10], as well as Australian dietary intake data obtained from the 1995 National Nutrition Survey (9). Links are made between relationships found in this and other studies towards the increase in overweight and obesity in Australia and worldwide.Analysis This is a peer-reviewed study sourced from the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, straight away indicating likely reliability. Methods, while generally clear, failed to sufficiently describe how energy density was calculated for Australian dietary intake data. Logical assumptions can be made as to how this was done, but further clarity is required. Data used was collected from 3673 individual foods, 247 beverages and dietary information from 13 858 people.This high volume of information and participants allowed for greater range of variances and increased reliability of findings. Results clearly presented findings and statistical evid ence to support relationships (or lack of) between energy density and main macronutrient energy source. The article is well referenced, citing 23 references, particularly articles from the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition plus other journals and databases such as the Australian Food and Nutrient Database. According to SciVerse Scopus [7] this article is cited in 13 additional articles.Author, TC Crowe, Associate Professor and academic at the School of Exercise and nutrition at Deakin University has been involved with many studies prior to and since this article [11,12]. Though published in 2004, all the data used is from 1999 and 1995, making it slightly outdated. Due to the nature of the study, date is an unlikely relevant criteria. It is possible an influx of new products could have affected results of the study, though for this to be determined, a similar study would need to be carried out using the most recent AusNut from 2007 [9] .Recent studies that support the findings of this article are referenced throught the discussion, though most focus more on the relationship between energy density and overweight and obesity problems. As this is published in a nutrition journal, it can be assumed that the target audience is a combination of health professionals, academics, university students and government officials. The depth in which the article explains its findings is thorough yet simple, making it easy to understand even without a health or science background.The results section visually represents the data so that relationships can easily be seen and supports with appropriate statistical evidence. The discussion section does not go into great scientific detail but includes supporting information from other studies and focuses on the relationships between energy density and macronutrients and the links towards overweight and obesity issues. There is no apparent evidence towards any conflict of interest regarding the main author and study. Crowe was gu arantor and involved in all stages of the study with support from the remaining authors [7].Data used was collected by independent organisations, which further eliminates any possibility of any bias while publication in a European journal increases credibility from an Australian circle to a more global view. This is an observational study design which provides level III-3 evidence according to the NHMRC guidelines [13]. The design of the methods allowed results to be presented in a clear and concise manner, easily portraying the studies findings. The study acknowledges that it was, however, limited by the following; 1. Population daily food intake was collected over a 24 hour time period.Dietary habits are subject to change daily and different days could present different results. 2. No weighting system was used regarding daily food intake thus may lead to bias by under or over representing a particular food. 3. Comparisons cannot be made between individual foods and population dail y intake due to differences in data sets. Other limiting factors may include differences in food consumption habits and availability between 1995 and 1999. Evaluation The evaluation provides sufficient information to determine this study is a reliable source.While there is some room for improvement in methods and certain limitations need to be noted, it comes from a reliable source and cites many articles from similarly reliable sources. There are no apparent conflicts of interest and whilst slightly outdated, the results are not likely to vary greatly over time. Health Related Website – www. goodhealth. com. au The website titled ‘Good Health Now! ’ [9] is a small collection of health related articles ranging from 2009 to 2012 along with links to recent health related news articles from ABC News [14] and Natural news [15].Many (non news) articles have an external link located within the article. The website is well presented, aesthetically pleasing and seems to supply a varied range of health topics. After short investigation, however, it is apparent information on each topic Is quite limited. Analysis When looking at the accuracy of the website there appears to be no process in which the information has been reviewed or critically analysed before being posted. No references are found within the text nor listed at the end with the exception of one article, which had a direct link to an article from the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition [16].There were however, links in many articles to generally unfamiliar sites relating to the issue of discussion, often offering a product or service. While ABC News appears a reputable source, some headline appear to have authors and quotes or references while others appear to be press releases containing relatively general and basic information. Articles within the website have 1 of 3 author names; Admin, Katrina or Guest. Searching Admin or Katrina produced no information though some information cou ld be found regarding the Guest articles.The end of each Guest article presented a small biography titled either Author Bio, Bio or no heading at all. Those without the heading Author Bio assumed the biography was not regarding the article author. While it is possible to contact site administrators through the site, not contact information is available. Accounting these factors no judgment can be made on any authors level of authority or expertise with the exception of the few named Guest authors where further research would need to be done.Considering the high number of links to related sites promoting products, there is a strong bias towards product awareness, particularly regarding Guest articles. No specific ‘last update’ date was found on the website though each article states the publishing date. Articles range in date from 2009 to 2012 appearing relatively current, however the audience are unable to determine the age of the data this information was sourced from. Aimed at health conscious adults, the website boasted a motto of ‘enabling all the live a healthy, happy life’ with a not so hidden agenda towards advertisement and product promotion.While some articles provided some detailed information many were lacking in detail. The provided a brief overview to draw the customer in [17] but then required them to search further if truly interested. Language and detail was very simple therefore there was lots of room for improvement in detail and coverage of article in general. Evaluation While initially appearing professional, lack of evidence and references significantly demises the source’s credibility, with the high amount of product promotion suggesting excessive levels of bias in featured articles.Combined with lack of detailed, sufficient information this site appears to be neither reliable nor credible. Conclusion Completion of reviewing sources illustrates the importance of evaluating information found on the internet . The critiquing criteria used provided a solid guide to deciphering the reliability of each source. While journal articles are generally deemed a reliable source care must be taken to ensure they are peer-reviewed, even then, this does not guarantee 100% reliability. Consequently, the critiquing criteria should always be kept in mind. Lack of credibility of the Good Health Now! 9] website was quickly apparent once investigation started. A lot more attention and investigation would be required if investigating more well known health websites such as health. com or WebMD. Credibility is a lot less apparent and investigation would become significantly more reliant on the critiquing framework. ? References (1) McGowan J. Evidence-based health care and the Internet. Canadian Medical Association. Journal 1998 Oct 06;159(7):843-843. (2) Hendrickx L, Winters C. Evaluating healthcare information on the Internet: Guidelines for nurses. Crit Care Nurse 2001;21(2):62-5, 67-8. 3) Ahmann E. Supp orting families' savvy use of the Internet for health research. Pediatr Nurs 2000;26(4):419-23. (4) Kunst H, Groot D, Latthe PM, Latthe M, Khan KS. Accuracy of information on apparently credible websites: Survey of five common health topics. Br Med J 2002 Mar 09;324(7337):581-2. (5) Escoffery C, Miner KR, Adame DD, Butler S, al e. Internet Use for Health Information Among College Students. Journal of American College Health 2005;53(4):183-8. (6) Lazaroiu G. The Quality and Credibility of Process Control in Research. Economics, Management and Financial Markets 2012;7(2):185-191. 7) Crowe TC, La Fontaine ,H. A. , Gibbons CJ, Cameron-Smith D, Swinburn BA. Energy density of foods and beverages in the Australian food supply: Influence of macronutrients and comparison to dietary intake. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004;58(11):1485-91. (8) Good Health Now! [internet] No Date [cited 2012 Sep 13] Available from: http://www. goodhealth. com. au/ (9) Australian Food and Nutrient Database (1999): Australia n and New Zealand Food Authority. Available from: http://www. foodstandards. gov. au/ (10) McLennan W ; Podger A (1998); National Nutrition Survey. NutrientIntakes and Physical Measurements, Catalogue No. 4805. 0 Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics. (11) Crowe TC, Cameron-Smith D. Low-carbohydrate diets in Australia: prevalence and public perceptions. Med J Aust 2005 Jun 06;182(11):594-5. (12) Crowe TC, Seligman SA, Copeland L. Inhibition of enzymic digestion of amylose by free fatty acids in vitro contributes to resistant starch formation. J Nutr 2000;130(8):2006-8. (13) Australian Government – National Health and Medical Research Council. NHMRC Levels of Evidence and Grades for recommendations for developers of guidelines. 2009 Dec. 14) ABC News [Internet] No date [cited 2012 Sep 13] Available from: http://www. abc. net. au/news/ (15) NaturalNews. com [Internet] Not date [cited 2012 Sep 13] Available from: http://www. naturalnews. com/index. html (16) Njike V, Faridi Z, Dutta S, Gonzalez-Simon A, Katz DL. Daily egg consumption in hyperlipidemic adults – Effects on endothelial function and cardiovascular risk. Nutrition Journal 2010;9(1):n/a. (17) Good Health Now! – True Causes of Diabetes [internet] No Date [cited 2012 Sep 13] Available from: http://www. goodhealth. com. au/220/conditions/diabetes/the-true-causes-of-diabetes/

Essay on Childrens Health The Key to the Future

Childrens Health: The Key to the Future As human beings living together on the same planet, all countries have a global responsibility to be concerned with the health and safety of its inhabitants. Throughout history, many nations have faced domestic or international turmoil with economical and political crises that have led to poor health outcomes. Some developing regions of the world have faced greater disease process and higher mortality rates than economically more stable countries. In response to improving the overall health status of the world, the 191 United Nation members developed the Millennium Development Goals in 2000. The eight distinctive but interrelated goals can be accomplished to alleviate the world suffering such†¦show more content†¦According to the statistics, over seven million children under the age of five have died around the globe in 2010 (UNICEF, 2011). 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Resilience For Health Care Consumers And Health Professional

Concept of resilience with factors contributing to resilience for health care consumers and health professional Introduction We as human beings, some or the other day have undergone to situations or events which have changed our lives. Such events can be like death of our loved one, loss of the job, serious health issue, terrorism or shocking incidents. These events are very challenging experiences of life and to these situations or circumstances we react with a flood of emotions and a sense of uncertainty. But as the time passes we people manage to overcome these stressful conditions and adapt to the circumstances and how we manage to do is through resilience (Noh Hee et. al, 2015). Resilience is commonly described as the person’s or to†¦show more content†¦In this essay we will be focussing more on resilience, defining the concept and meaning of resilience and what factors contributes to resilience for health care professionals and consumers. Factors Influencing Resilience in health care consumers and professionals In today’s fast changing world, health care industry is facing the challenge of rapid evolution which is revolving from providing everything required for actual delivery of medical treatment to how health care consumers i.e. the clients manage their health. The health care providers are competing hard in the market to gain maximum profit and patient loyalty, they are not only just focussing on providing excellent treatment but also helping the patient to overcome with resilience. With rapid advancement in health care industry there has been more and more complexity in terms of technology and responsibilities of health care professionals to meet the consumer’s (patient’s) high level expectations of nursing services. The emergency situations and complicated myriads demand the nursing staff to posses strong clinical skills so as to cope up with the emergencies and also nurture the resilience of themselves and as well as of patients. The various factors which can help health care professionals to cope up and enhance their resilience are: Ego-resilience: The nursing staff face the challenges of emergency, 24 hours 7 days availability and must have expert knowledge and skills. Therefore to cope up